A very partial list of suggested readings in re EI Article on Kaliningrad: https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/kaliningrad-the-slow-retreat-from-russias-burden/
Abylkalikov, Salavat. “Demographic Challenges of the Kaliningrad Region in the New Geopolitical Reality: Trends, Risks and Prospects.” *BSR Policy Briefing* 6/2024. Turku: Centrum Balticum Foundation, June 5, 2024. https://centrumbalticum.org/bsr-policy-briefing-6-2024. [centrumbalticum](https://centrumbalticum.org/bsr-policy-briefing-6-2024)
Cordes, Miłosz J., Collective Memory in Post-Soviet Kaliningrad Oblast, (London: Routledge, 2025). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003470595. (https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003470595/collective-memory-post-soviet-kaliningrad-oblast-mi%C5%82osz-cordes)
Cordes, Miłosz J. *Kaliningrad Oblast 2024: Russia’s Vessel of Havoc on the Baltic Sea*. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies, 2024. (https://www.diis.dk/en/research/kaliningrad-oblast-2024)
Diener, Alexander C., and Joshua Hagen. “Geopolitics of the Kaliningrad Exclave and Enclave: Russian and EU Perspectives.” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 52, no. 4 (2011): 567–592. https://doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.52.4.567.
Eaton, Nicole. German Blood, Slavic Soil: How Nazi Königsberg Became Soviet Kaliningrad (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2023.
International Institute for Strategic Studies. “Fortifying NATO’s Eastern Flank,” The Military Balance 2026, February 24, 2026. https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/2026/the-military-balance-2026/fortifying-natos-eastern-flank/. [icds](https://icds.ee/en/legality-and-reality-the-eastern-flank-and-the-ottawa-convention/)
Kolosov, Vladimir A., and Alexander B. Sebentsov. “Russian Borderlands: Contemporary Problems and Challenges.” *Regional Science Policy & Practice* 12, no. 4 (2020): 671–688. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12285. https://balticregion.kantiana.ru/en/jour/15724/80345/)
Pizzolo, Paolo. “The Strategic Relevance of Kaliningrad” Proceedings, 150, no. 10/1,460 (October 2024). U.S. Naval Institute. https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2024/ctober/strategic-relevance-kaliningrad.
Richard, Yann, Alexander Sebentsov, and Maria Zotova. “The Russian Exclave of Kaliningrad: Challenges and Limits of Its Integration in the Baltic Region,” Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography, document 719, April 8, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.26945.
Sukhankin, Sergey. “From ‘Bridge of Cooperation’ to A2/AD ‘Bubble’: The Dangerous Transformation of Kaliningrad Oblast,” Journal of Slavic Military Studies 31, no. 1 (2018): 15–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2018.1416732.
Voynikov, V. V. “Kaliningrad Region in the Framework of EU Sanction Policy” Contemporary Europe, no. 4 (132) (2025): 52–63. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0201708325040059.